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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution of humoral response in PLWHIV

Title
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution of humoral response in PLWHIV
Presenter
Basma Abdi
Authors
B. Abdi * (1), A. Laetitia Ndoadoumgue (2), S. Djebara (3), K. Zafilza (1), R. Palich (3), S. Marot (1), M. Wirden (1), Y. Dudoit (3), E. Teyssou (1), R. Tubiana (3), C. Soulie (1), M.-A. Valantin (3), C. Katlama (3), V. Calvez (1), L. Assoumou (2), A.-G. Marcelin (1), V. Pourcher (3)
Institutions
(1) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d''Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, Paris, France, (2) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d''Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France, (3) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d''Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France

BACKGROUND: Data on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in PLWHIV are still poor. We sought to shed further light on this issue, studying the humoral immune response evolution and identifying the associated risk factors during the initial disease outbreak in patients living in the Ile-de-France area (IDF).
METHODS: For this longitudinal prospective cohort study, we included all PLWHIV followed in the department of infectious diseases of the Pitié-Salpétriêre hospital between April and September 2020. Patients with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at D0 have been evaluated at 6 and 12 months (M). Semi-qualitative detection of IgG against nucleoprotein (N) and quantitative detection of IgG against spike (S) protein were measured using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Serum IgA against the S1 domain of the S protein were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, EuroImmun). Factors associated with positive serum IgG anti-N were identified using a logistic regression model. Analyses were performed using SAS software.
RESULTS: A total of 1901 PLWHIV were included: 64.4% of patients were male, median age: 53 years (IQR 44-60), ART duration: 13.9 years (IQR 7.5-22.2), CD4:588 cells/mm3 (IQR 429 - 772) and 26.6% were active smokers. At inclusion, 254 (13.4%) had positive IgG anti-N and among them, 88.2% and 64.1% had serum IgG anti-S and IgA anti-S respectively. Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reveals the persistence of IgG anti-N, IgG anti-S and IgA anti-S in 51.9%, 87.3% and 75.4% patients respectively at M6 and 35.2%, 87.6%, and 81.2% patients respectively at M12. Over the one year study period, levels of IgG anti-N and anti-S decreased significantly (p<0.0001 and p= 0.017 respectively), while serum IgA anti-S level increased significantly (p<0.0001). At baseline, Sub-Saharan African patients were more likely to have positive IgG anti-N in comparison with patients originated from France and other countries (OR: 4.78 (95% CI 3.39, 6.73), p<0.0001), while active smoking was a protective factor (OR: 0.57 (95% CI 0.36, 0.90), p=0.0176).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in PLWHIV compared to general population in IDF (5.7%) at the same period. A higher seroprevalence was observed in African sub-saharan patients and a lower seroprevalence was observed in smokers compared to non-smokers.

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